منابع مشابه
The early history of chance in evolution.
Work throughout the history and philosophy of biology frequently employs 'chance', 'unpredictability', 'probability', and many similar terms. One common way of understanding how these concepts were introduced in evolution focuses on two central issues: the first use of statistical methods in evolution (Galton), and the first use of the concept of "objective chance" in evolution (Wright). I argu...
متن کاملIn uence of Chance , History , and Adaptation on Digital Evolution
Adaptation on Digital Evolution Daniel A. Wagenaar Department of Physics 103-33 California Institute of Technology Pasadena, CA 91125 [email protected] Christoph Adami¤ Digital Life Laboratory 136-93 California Institute of Technology Pasadena, CA 91125 [email protected] Abstract We evolved multiple clones of populations of digital organisms to study the effects of chance, history, and adapt...
متن کاملInfluence of Chance, History, and Adaptation on Digital Evolution
We evolved multiple clones of populations of digital organisms to study the effects of chance, history, and adaptation in evolution. We show that clones adapted to a specific environment can adapt to new environments quickly and efficiently, although their history remains a significant factor in their fitness. Adaptation is most significant (and the effects of history less so) if the old and ne...
متن کاملProbability, chance and the probability of chance
In our day-to-day discourse on uncertainty, words like belief, chance, plausible, likelihood and probability are commonly encountered. Often, these words are used interchangeably, because they are intended to encapsulate some loosely articulated notions about the unknowns. The purpose of this paper is to propose a framework that is able to show how each of these terms can be made precise, so th...
متن کاملGeometric Diffeomorphism Finiteness in Low Dimensions and Homotopy Group Finiteness
Our main result asserts that for any given numbers C and D the class of simply connected closed smooth manifolds of dimension m < 7 which admit a Riemannian metric with sectional curvature bounded in absolute value by |K| ≤ C and diameter uniformly bounded from above by D contains only finitely many diffeomorphism types. Thus in these dimensions the lower positive bound on volume in Cheeger’s F...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Molecular Biology and Evolution
سال: 2018
ISSN: 0737-4038,1537-1719
DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msy087